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意大利ATOS放大器的(de)主要(yao)作(zuo)用介紹(shao)

先講講ATOS放大器的基本結構

ATOS放大器(qi)(qi)(qi)的輸入待測信號，經放大和(he)帶通(tong)濾波后(hou)與參考信號共同輸入乘法器(qi)(qi)(qi)得到的結果再通(tong)過低通(tong)濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)濾波后(hou)輸出。

主(zhu)要原理：

鎖相放大器(qi)實際上是(shi)一(yi)個模擬的傅立葉變換器(qi)，鎖相放大器(qi)的輸(shu)出是(shi)一(yi)個直流電壓，正比于(yu)是(shi)輸(shu)入(ru)信號中(zhong)某(mou)一(yi)特定頻率(lv)（參數輸(shu)入(ru)頻率(lv)）的信號幅值。而(er)輸(shu)入(ru)信號中(zhong)的其他頻率(lv)成分(fen)將不能對輸(shu)出電壓構成任何貢獻。

兩個(ge)正弦信(xin)號(hao)，頻率都為1Hz，有90度相位差，用乘法器相乘得到(dao)的結果是(shi)一個(ge)有直流偏量(liang)的正弦信(xin)號(hao)。

如果(guo)是一個1Hz和一個1.1Hz的信號(hao)相乘(cheng)(cheng)，用乘(cheng)(cheng)法器相乘(cheng)(cheng)得(de)到的結果(guo)是輪廓為正(zheng)弦的調制信號(hao)，直流偏量(liang)為0。

只(zhi)有(you)與參考信(xin)(xin)號頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)*一致的信(xin)(xin)號才(cai)能在(zai)乘(cheng)法(fa)器輸出端得到直(zhi)流(liu)偏量(liang)(liang)，其他信(xin)(xin)號在(zai)輸出端都是(shi)交流(liu)信(xin)(xin)號。如(ru)果在(zai)乘(cheng)法(fa)器的輸出端加一個低通濾波(bo)器，那么所(suo)有(you)的交流(liu)信(xin)(xin)號分(fen)量(liang)(liang)全部被濾掉，剩(sheng)下的直(zhi)流(liu)分(fen)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)只(zhi)是(shi)正(zheng)比于(yu)輸入信(xin)(xin)號中的特定頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)的信(xin)(xin)號分(fen)量(liang)(liang)的幅值(zhi)。

的主要作(zuo)用：

    1、能把輸入(ru)訊號(hao)的(de)電(dian)壓或功率(lv)放大的(de)裝置(zhi)，由電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)或晶體管(guan)、電(dian)源變壓器(qi)(qi)和其他電(dian)器(qi)(qi)元件組成。用在通訊、廣(guang)播、雷達、電(dian)視、自動控制(zhi)等各(ge)種裝置(zhi)中。

    ATOS放大器的(de)原理: 高頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)放大器用于發射機的(de)末級，作(zuo)用是將高頻(pin)已調(diao)波信號進行功(gong)(gong)率(lv)放大，以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足發送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)要(yao)求，然(ran)后(hou)經過天線將其輻射到空間，保證在一定(ding)區域(yu)內的(de)接(jie)收機可(ke)以(yi)(yi)接(jie)收到滿(man)意的(de)信號電平，并且不干擾(rao)相(xiang)鄰信道的(de)通信。

    高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)系統中(zhong)(zhong)發送裝置的(de)重要(yao)組件(jian)。按其(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)帶(dai)的(de)寬窄(zhai)劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)窄(zhai)帶(dai)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)寬帶(dai)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)種(zhong)，窄(zhai)帶(dai)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常以(yi)具有(you)選頻(pin)(pin)濾波作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)選頻(pin)(pin)電路(lu)(lu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)輸出(chu)回路(lu)(lu)，故又(you)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)調諧(xie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)或諧(xie)振(zhen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)；寬帶(dai)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電路(lu)(lu)則是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)輸線(xian)變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)或其(qi)他寬帶(dai)匹配(pei)電路(lu)(lu)，因此又(you)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)非調諧(xie)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)。高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)，它將電源(yuan)供給的(de)直流(liu)能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成為(wei)(wei)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)輸出(chu)在 “低頻(pin)(pin)電子線(xian)路(lu)(lu)"課程中(zhong)(zhong)已知(zhi)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)可以(yi)按照電流(liu)導通(tong)角的(de)不同，將其(qi)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)甲、乙(yi)、丙(bing)三類(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。甲類(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)電流(liu)的(de)流(liu)通(tong)角為(wei)(wei)360o，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于小(xiao)信(xin)(xin)號低功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大。乙(yi)類(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)電流(liu)的(de)流(liu)通(tong)角約(yue)等于 180o；丙(bing)類(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)電流(liu)的(de)流(liu)通(tong)角則小(xiao)于180o。乙(yi)類(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)丙(bing)類(lei)(lei)都適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于大功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)丙(bing)類(lei)(lei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態中(zhong)(zhong)zui高(gao)者。高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)大多(duo)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)于丙(bing)類(lei)(lei)。但丙(bing)類(lei)(lei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電流(liu)波形(xing)失真(zhen)太大，因而(er)不能用(yong)(yong)(yong)于低頻(pin)(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大，只(zhi)能用(yong)(yong)(yong)于采用(yong)(yong)(yong)調諧(xie)回路(lu)(lu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)負載的(de)諧(xie)振(zhen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大。由于調諧(xie)回路(lu)(lu)具有(you)濾波能力，回路(lu)(lu)電流(liu)與電壓仍(reng)然(ran)極近于正弦波形(xing)，失真(zhen)很小(xiao)。

的主(zhu)要(yao)用于檢測信(xin)(xin)噪比(bi)很低的微(wei)弱信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)。即使有(you)(you)用的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)被淹沒在噪聲信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)里面，即使噪聲信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)比(bi)有(you)(you)用的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)大很多(duo)，只要(yao)知道有(you)(you)用的信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)的頻率(lv)值，就能(neng)準確地(di)測量出這(zhe)個信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)的幅值。