| 德國PILZ繼電器主要測試及種類區別 |
| 點擊次數：771 更新時間：2021-08-03 |
的測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試：德國(guo)PILZ繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是智能(neng)預付費電(dian)能(neng)表(biao)中(zhong)的關(guan)鍵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)，繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的壽(shou)命在某種(zhong)程度上決定了電(dian)表(biao)壽(shou)命，該器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)性(xing)能(neng)好壞對智能(neng)預付費電(dian)能(neng)表(biao)運行至關(guan)重要。而(er)(er)國(guo)內、外繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產廠(chang)家(jia)眾多，生(sheng)(sheng)產規模相(xiang)差(cha)較大，技術水平相(xiang)距懸殊(shu)，性(xing)能(neng)參數(shu)千差(cha)萬別(bie)，因此，電(dian)能(neng)表(biao)生(sheng)(sheng)產廠(chang)家(jia)在繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)選(xuan)型時(shi)必須(xu)有(you)一(yi)套完善(shan)的檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)置，以保(bao)證電(dian)表(biao)質(zhi)量。同(tong)時(shi)，國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)網也加強了智能(neng)電(dian)能(neng)表(biao)內繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)能(neng)參數(shu)抽樣檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，同(tong)樣需要相(xiang)應的檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)備，檢(jian)驗(yan)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)廠(chang)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)產的電(dian)表(biao)質(zhi)量。然而(er)(er)，繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)備不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)項目(mu)比較單一(yi)，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)過程不(bu)(bu)能(neng)實現(xian)自動化，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)數(shu)據(ju)需要人(ren)工(gong)處理和分析，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)結果具有(you)各種(zhong)隨機(ji)性(xing)、人(ren)為(wei)性(xing)，而(er)(er)且(qie)，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)效率(lv)低，安全性(xing)也得(de)不(bu)(bu)到保(bao)證 。 近兩年來，國家(jia)電網逐步規范了電表技(ji)術(shu)要求，制定相(xiang)關行業標準(zhun)以及技(ji)術(shu)規范，這(zhe)為繼電器參數(shu)(shu)檢測(ce)提出(chu)了一(yi)些技(ji)術(shu)難題(ti)，如繼電器的負載通斷能力、開關特(te)性(xing)(xing)測(ce)試等。因此，迫切需要研究一(yi)種設備，實現(xian)繼電器性(xing)(xing)能參數(shu)(shu)的綜合檢測(ce) 。 根據性能(neng)參數(shu)測(ce)試要求(qiu)，測(ce)試項(xiang)目可以分為兩大類，一是不帶負載電(dian)(dian)流的測(ce)試項(xiang)目，如(ru)動作值、觸點(dian)(dian)接觸電(dian)(dian)阻、機械壽(shou)命；二是帶負載電(dian)(dian)流的測(ce)試項(xiang)目，如(ru)觸點(dian)(dian)接觸電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)壽(shou)命、過負荷能(neng)力。 德國(guo)PILZ繼(ji)電器主要測(ce)試(shi)項目簡單介紹如(ru)下： （1）動作值。繼(ji)電器動作時(shi)所需(xu)電壓(ya)值。 （2）觸(chu)點(dian)接觸(chu)電(dian)阻。觸(chu)電(dian)閉合時，兩觸(chu)頭之間的電(dian)阻值。 （3）機械壽命。機械部分(fen)在不(bu)損(sun)壞的情況下，繼電(dian)器反復開關動(dong)作次數。 （4）觸(chu)點接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)壓。觸(chu)電(dian)閉合時，觸(chu)電(dian)回路中施加(jia)一定(ding)負載電(dian)流(liu)，觸(chu)點間電(dian)壓值。 （5）電(dian)壽命。繼電(dian)器(qi)驅(qu)動線圈兩端施加額定電(dian)壓，觸點回路中施加額定阻性負載時，每小(xiao)(xiao)時循環(huan)小(xiao)(xiao)于300次(ci)、占空比1∶4條件下，繼電(dian)器(qi)的可靠動作次(ci)數。 （6）過負(fu)荷能力。繼電器驅動線圈兩(liang)端施加額定電壓，觸(chu)點回(hui)路(lu)中施加1．5倍額定負(fu)載時(shi)，動作頻率（10±1）次/分條件下，繼電器可靠動作次數(shu) 。 種(zhong)類(lei)舉(ju)例(li) 繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的種(zhong)類很(hen)多，按輸入(ru)(ru)量(liang)可分(fen)為電(dian)壓(ya)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)流(liu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、時間繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、速度繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、壓(ya)力繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等，按工作原理可分(fen)為電(dian)磁式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、感應式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)動式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)子(zi)式(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等，按用途可分(fen)為控制繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、保(bao)護(hu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等，按輸入(ru)(ru)量(liang)變化(hua)形式(shi)可分(fen)為有無(wu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和量(liang)度繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。 有無(wu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據輸入(ru)量的有或無(wu)來動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的，無(wu)輸入(ru)量時(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)不動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，有輸入(ru)量時(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，如中間繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、通用繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、時(shi)間繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。 量度(du)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據輸入(ru)量的(de)變(bian)化來動作(zuo)的(de)，工作(zuo)時其輸入(ru)量是(shi)一直(zhi)存(cun)在的(de)，只有當(dang)輸入(ru)量達到一定值時繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)才動作(zuo)，如電(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)壓(ya)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、熱繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、速度(du)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、壓(ya)力繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、液(ye)位繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)等。 在(zai)控制電(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)的繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)多數是電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)結構(gou)簡單，價格(ge)低廉(lian)，使(shi)用(yong)維護方便，觸點容量小（一般在(zai)SA以(yi)(yi)下），觸點數量多且無主輔(fu)之分，無滅弧裝置，體積小，動作迅速(su)、準確，控制靈敏、可(ke)靠等(deng)特點，廣泛地應用(yong)于低壓控制系統中。常用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)電(dian)(dian)流繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)壓繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、中間繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)及各種小型通(tong)用(yong)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。 電(dian)磁(ci)式繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)結構和(he)工(gong)作原理與接觸(chu)器(qi)的(de)相似，主要由電(dian)磁(ci)機(ji)構和(he)觸(chu)點(dian)組成。電(dian)磁(ci)式繼電(dian)器(qi)有直流(liu)和(he)交流(liu)兩種。在線圈兩端加上電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)通人電(dian)流(liu)，產生電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)，當電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)大于彈簧反力(li)時(shi)，吸動(dong)銜鐵使常開常閉接點(dian)動(dong)作；當線圈的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)電(dian)流(liu)下降或(huo)消失時(shi)銜鐵釋放(fang)，接點(dian)復(fu)位 熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器主要(yao)是用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(主要(yao)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji))的過負荷(he)保護(hu)。熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是一種(zhong)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)熱(re)效應原理工作(zuo)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，它具有與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)許(xu)過載特性相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)近的反時(shi)限動(dong)作(zuo)特性，主要(yao)與(yu)接觸器配合使用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)于對(dui)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的過負荷(he)和(he)(he)斷(duan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保護(hu)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)異步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)實際(ji)運(yun)行中(zhong)，常會(hui)遇到因電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣或(huo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)原因等引起的過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(過載和(he)(he)斷(duan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))現象。如(ru)(ru)果過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)嚴重，持續(xu)時(shi)間短(duan)，繞組不(bu)超過允(yun)許(xu)溫升，這種(zhong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是允(yun)許(xu)的;如(ru)(ru)果過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況嚴重，持續(xu)時(shi)間較長，則(ze)會(hui)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)絕緣(yuan)老(lao)化，甚(shen)至燒毀電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)，因此，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)回路(lu)中(zhong)應設置電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置。常用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置種(zhong)類很多，使用(yong)(yong)最多、是雙(shuang)(shuang)金(jin)(jin)屬片式(shi)熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。雙(shuang)(shuang)金(jin)(jin)屬片式(shi)熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器均(jun)為(wei)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)，有帶(dai)斷(duan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保護(hu)的和(he)(he)不(bu)帶(dai)斷(duan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保護(hu)的兩種(zhong)。
時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)于時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)控(kong)制。其(qi)種類很多，按其(qi)動(dong)作原理可分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)、空氣阻(zu)尼式(shi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)式(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子式(shi)等，按延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)方式(shi)可分(fen)為通電(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)和(he)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)型(xing)。空氣阻(zu)尼式(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器是利用(yong)空氣阻(zu)尼原理獲得延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)，它由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)機(ji)構、延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)構和(he)觸(chu)頭系統3部(bu)分(fen)組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)機(ji)構為直動(dong)式(shi)雙E型(xing)鐵心(xin)，觸(chu)頭系統借用(yong)I-X5型(xing)微動(dong)開關(guan)，延(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)構采用(yong)氣囊式(shi)阻(zu)尼器。 |
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